Galactic Mystery – Matter – on the dark side
Heralding a new era in the cosmos, Norwegian Kristian Birkeland predicted that the universe probably formed by exotic component that would later be called dark matter. Your comments on this topic appeared in a description of the Norwegian Aurora Polaris Expedition (1902-1903). Birkeland's ideas about the Expedition were published in the fateful year of 1913 to see the rise of the Socialist Federal Reserve and the system of income tax in United States of America, two key components of the Communist Manifesto. Evolutionary processes were in motion in all fields of activity. The economy, politics, science and the hearts and minds of men and women were in relativism, the balance while the truth held no influence over the modern imagination. Cosmology would suffer from the same "evolution" and the mentality of Birkeland wrote as much:
"We have assumed that each stellar evolving system gives electric corpuscles into space. It therefore seems reasonable to assume that most of the masses of material in the universe is not in the solar systems or nebulae, but in "empty" space. "
Thus, Birkeland predicted that because of "current developments", in the cosmos, the majority of matter in the universe must be in "empty" space instead of what is observable in stellar objects. At present it is believed that only four percent of the universe is ordinary visible stellar type this. Also, about a quarter of the universe is composed of dark matter everywhere with the rest of the cosmos is full of dark energy even stranger. It was Fritz Zwicky, a swiss astrophysicist working for Caltech, who would be more the concept of dark matter through the aegis of the Virial theorem.
This mathematical relationship is a formula that limits the energy of a set particle. In another dark year in the ongoing evolution of slavery since 1933 saw the removal of gold from the accounts of the American citizenry, Zwicky used the Virial Theorem in an attempt to determine the validity of the hypothesis of dark matter. He focused his attention on the Coma galactic cluster and his analysis that, prima facie confirmation of the existence of dark matter. In assessing the amount of motion of galaxies on the periphery of the group was able to aggregate represent approximately of all matter in it.
He was surprised to learn that this sum total of the mass is different from a separately computed estimate. This value was obtained other by analyzing the sum total of galaxies and the brightness of the Coma cluster. The juxtaposition of this with the calculation of the periphery is observed that there a discrepancy of at least four percent. Since the galaxies are not large enough to cause the computed orbital velocities there must be some other mechanism to explain this phenomenon. This conundrum became the scientific lexicon the problem of missing mass. Zwicky had established the need for the existence of the an invisible source of mass hitherto unknown which must provide the necessary gravity for the group.
Therefore, it is a fact of current situation of cosmology that the greatest body of evidence for dark matter comes from this galactic gravitational data. Scientists have even made galactic curves describing rotational properties of stars versus the distance from the galactic center. When the gravity data is plotted it can be shown that only a small part of the observed velocities are explained by classical calculations. In other words, there is no shortage of visible mass in the observed galaxies to attribute the sum total of gravitational effects of visibly observable stars planets and galaxies. So the easiest way to explain this galactic mystery of the mass is insufficient for the hypothesis a type not detectable by mass known as dark matter that can be caused by gravitational effects.
As more and more data is collected on these and other aspects of the universe, the formulas and cosmological postulates are generated describing the results obtained. Compliance with the requirements of the aforementioned aspects leads some scientists to propose different types of dark matter. The four main types of dark matter are called 1 – baryonic dark matter, 2 – hot dark matter, 3 — cold dark matter and 4 – hot dark matter. Dark matter ranges from the known to expectations, black holes to brown dwarfs to the halo mass compact objects (males), neutrinos, axions, WIMPS or weakly interacting massive particles and the esoteric neutralino. However, there is an alternative explanation gravitational effects that originally created the concept of dark matter.
If an incomplete understanding of gravity is taken into account the image, then can say that the dark matter interpretation is incorrect because some other cause is generating these phenomena. Several different contending theories have been developed to describe the observed galactic data. In particular, one of the main explanations of competition is given by the theories attempting to climb tensor to combine the teaching of quantum mechanics with gravity. Extension of these ideas leads to a variety of exotic ideas which challenge our notions most fundamental of physics and astronomy. Other concepts go even further and have been of interest for astronomers like Dr. Riccardo Scarpa, since these allow a cosmology without the inclusion of the enigmatic dark matter.
Dr. Scarpa works at the European Southern Observatory in Chile using the Very Large Telescope at Paranal. With all his experience in this field, it is interesting to note some of his most recent comments on the superfluous dark matter:
"Dark matter is the craziest idea we've had in astronomy. May appear when you need it, can do what you like, be distributed in the form you want. It is the fairy tale of astronomy.
In light of these comments one wonders if another scientific idea might be on the verge of collapse. Indeed, astronomers are routinely using these other theoretical principles on a daily basis in infrared observatories around the world. Hence, is very likely that we are simply wrong about all of this dark matter. It is in all probability the only dark matter ever find is ignorant dark matter between our ears.
Phil Plait- Point of Inquiry 2/4
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